Chapter 6 Summary

•Leaders Need to Understand and Develop Emotional Intelligence.
•Understanding Personality Differences Will Enhance the Ability to Manage Others.
•Effective Leadership Communication Requires Strong Interactive Skills.
•Having An Approach to Understanding Cultural Differences Will Assist A Leader In Communicating Across Cultures.

Chapter 6 Realizing the Value of Cultural Literacy

•Realizing the Importance of Cultural Literacy
• Defining Culture


The Layers of Culture

1.A National Level
2.A Regional and/or Ethnic and/or Religious and/or Linguistic Affiliation Level
3.A Gender Level
4.A Generation Level
5.A Social Class Level
6.An Organizational or Corporate Level


Using Cultural Frameworks to Understand Differences

•Context
•Information Flow
•Time
•Language
•Power

Chapter 6 Importance of a Mentor

A mentor needs to be particularly sensitive to the feelings of others and able to establish ways to motivate and guide your protégé
Mentor’s responsibilities

•Provide guidance based on past business experiences
•Create positive counseling relationship and climate of open communication
•Help protégé identify problems and solutions
•Lead protégé through problem-solving processes
•Share stories, including mistakes
•Be honest about business expertise

Chapter 6 Improving Your Listening Skills

Three level of listening :

•Level 1- “Emphatic listening”
•Level 2- “hearing words, but not really listening”
•Level 3- “listening in spurts” Always Maintaining your Listening at level 1


Common Barriers that Effective the Listening

•The subject is boring
•You do not agree with the speak person
•Distracted by other thoughts
•You have preconceptions about the subject or the speaker
•You shift your focus away
•Only hear what you want to hear


The Ways to improve listening Habits

•Stop talking
•Stop thinking ahead to what your are going to say
•Avoid multitasking
•Ask questions if something is unclear
•Focus on the speaker closely
•Listen for ideas, not just for facts
•Listen with an open mind

Chapter 6 Improving Your Nonverbal Skills

As Much as 65 to 93 Percent of the Meaning in Communication is Nonverbal

Categories of Nonverbal Communication

•Appearance
•Paralanguage
•Kinesics
•Occulesics
•Proxemics
•Final expressions
•Olfactics
•Chronomics


The Ways to Improve Nonverbal Communication Skills

•Learn as much as possible about any culture in which you will be interacting

•Do not judge someone’s action out of context or leave the actions unexplored when important to you or the organization

•Develop your understanding or sensitivity to nonverbal cues

•Assess your own use of nonverbal communication

Chapter 6 Increasing your own self-awareness

•What am I feeling right now?
•What do I want? How am I acting?
•What appraisals am I making?
•What do my senses tell me?


•Using Popular Psychological Profiles to Understand Yourself Better
•Using the MBTI


The MBTI Consists of Four Dichotomies
Extroversion (E) vs. Introversion (I) (How you are energized)
Sensing (S) vs. iNtuition (N) (How you interpret the world)
Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F) (How you make decisions)
Judging (J) vs. Perceiving (P) (How you approach life and work)

Chapter 6 Developing Emotional Intelligence & Cultural Literacy to Strengthen Leadership Communication

Appreciating the value of emotional intelligence

•Understanding Emotional Intelligence (EI)
–Appreciating personality differences
–Improving interactive skills, such as
•Non-verbal communication
•Listening ability
•Effective delivery of feedback


EI Includes Understanding the Self and Others


•Be aware of, understand, and relate to others
•Deal with strong emotions and control impulses
•Adapt to change and solve problems of a personal or a social nature

(Emotional Intelligence is the ability to identify and manage emotions in ourselves and in others. )


Connecting Emotional Intelligence to Leadership Styles


1 Visionary--Most strongly positive Highly negative
2 Coaching--strongly positive Highly negative
3 Affilitiative -- Positive
4 Democratic -- Positive
5 Pacesetting -- Highly negative
6 Commanding --Highly negative

MindMap Negotation Ch 7

CH5: Making the Most of PowerPoint as a Design and Presentation Tool

“No amount of flashy display can have the genuine impact of a meaningful, logical message delivered effectively.”

Use of Animation

• •Use Animation only to control the delivery of message or help the audience with the message.
• •Do not overuse animation or add it just because you can.
• •Use logic to direct your animation
• •Avoid use of several different animation techniques in one presentation. •Make sure to test your animation before presentation.

CH5: Employ Fundamental Graphic Content and Design Principles

This section focuses specifically on the content and design principles that you should follow whenever creating data or text charts for leadership presentations.

Conveying Messages Clearly & Effectively

• Keep charts simple but meaningful.
• Include only one main message per chart or slide.
• Make sure your chart title captures the "so what?"

Selecting the Most Effective Colors

• Keep them simple and select colors that work well together.
• Ensure the colors are easy to see when placed against each other
• Check text color, in particular, to see that it contrasts with background colors sufficiently to be clearly legible
• Make sure the colors support the image you want to project and the message you want to convey.

Selecting the Most Effective Fonts

• Go for contrast in the background and fonts and in Autoshapes or any objects or text placed next to each other.
• Use a dark background (dark blue or black) for computer-projected presentations.
• Use a white, cream, yellow, or light gold font on these dark backgrounds.
• Use only a sans serif font, such as Arial, in computer- or overhead-projected presentations.
• Make your font at least 20 points for text and 28 points for titles (depending on the size of the room)
• Do not use the following:
• All caps in titles or text
• Initial caps expect in titles
• Underlining
• Red font on blue backgrounds

CH5: Select & Design Effective Data Charts

For data charts to add to your presentation or document, you first need to clarify your message and then you can determine the type and content of the graph that will add to, support, or explain that message best.

Below are practice guideline for creating data charts by Edward Tufte, Yale University statistician and author of several books on graphic design

• Show the data
• Induce the viewer to think about substance rather than methodology, graphic design, the technology of graphic production, or something else.
• Avoid distorting what the data have to say
• Present many numbers in a small space
• Make large data sets coherent
• Encourage the eye to compare the different pieces of data
• Reveal the data at several levels of detail, from a broad overview to the fine structure.
• Serve a reasonably clear purpose: description, exploration, tabulation, or decoration.
• Be closely integrated with the statistical and verbal descriptions of a data set.

CH5: Recognize When to Use Graphics

Graphic should never be gratuitous; they should always be purposeful. They should add to the content of the presentation or the document. For presentations, in particular, graphics should supplement the content and never detract from it. They are not meant to replace the speaker.

Specifically, graphic should serve the following purpose:

• •Reinforce the message
• •Provide a road map to the structure of a presentation
• •Illustrate relationships and concepts visually
• •Support Assertion
• •Emphasize important ideas
• •Maintain and enhance interest

Graphics Rule

"Charts are an important form of language. They're important because, when well conceived and designed, they help us communicate more quickly and more clearly than we would if we left the data in a tabular form" - Gene Zelazny (2001), Say It with Charts

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